Allgemein

The impacts of land degradation

The impacts of land degradation

This graphics [1] very nicely outline the consequences of large-scale logging – and then later monocultural afforestation – on the landscape. Without forest, no more soil, no water absorption, ergo soil erosion, silting, (flash) floods. Coniferous forest monocultures do only help in the short term – they do not form fertile soil, and are harvested in clear-cutting. Solution: Diverse permanent forests. Hmm, that’s not so difficult to understand, is it?!

[1] https://thespinoff.co.nz/society/28-07-2023/the-side-eye-deeper-roots

Posted by Stefan in Allgemein, 0 comments
Millan Millan and the Mystery of the Missing Mediterranean Storms

Millan Millan and the Mystery of the Missing Mediterranean Storms

Great article [1] which portrays the reasons, how and why the approach to climate change, which at the beginning analysed both land changes and greenhouse gases changed to only consider the latter. Starting with a MIT publication called “Inadvertent Climate Modification: Study of Man’s Impact on Climate” in 1971 and a WMO publication “Proceedings of the World Climate Conference: Conference of Experts on Climate and Mankind” in 1979, land use changes were in equal discussion with greenhouse gases. But the “Charney Report” report titled “Carbon Dioxide and Climate: A Scientific Assessment“, which solely focused on GHG, changed completely the dialogue.

It’s only GHG, and water vapour as a feedback factor. Hardly anything to find in respect to land use changes (“destruction of nature”) as a principal driver due to changes in the water cycle and in the redistribution of solar radiation (the ratio of latent energy vs sensible heat). But these factors – water, energy and carbon – are closely intertwined, as I show in this graph [2].

[1] https://www.resilience.org/stories/2023-07-17/millan-millan-and-the-mystery-of-the-missing-mediterranean-storms/
[2] https://climate-landscapes.org/the-cycles-of-ca…losely-coupled-2

Posted by Stefan in Allgemein, 0 comments
The cycles of carbon, water and energy are closely coupled

The cycles of carbon, water and energy are closely coupled

Nature can’t be seen and analyzed linearly. She is always more complex. That’s why we must look at how the cycles of carbon, water and energy are closely coupled. Here is a draft sketch of mine to show this. How is incoming solar radiation transformed on the ground – producing latent energy (therefore water is needed) or sensible heat? Sensible heat means higher reradiation from the land into the atmosphere – a key factor for the greenhouse effect. The higher the reradiation, the higher the GHG effect.

Latent energy – that is water vapour – build clouds, reflecting solar radiation (positive!), transporting that solar energy from the ground into the higher atmosphere (positive!), which can dissipate partly into outer space (positive!). And the clouds can bring rain (positive!).

Sensible heat is producing a lot of hot air (negative!), increasing long-wave reradiation (negative!), building eventually high pressure zones which can block incoming low pressure zones which would bring precipitations (negative!).

Just to name a few consequences. For more, check out my UNEP paper “Working with plants, soils and water to cool the climate and rehydrate Earth’s landscapes” [1], my presentation “Planting water” [2], our project “Climate Landscapes” [3].

[1] bit.ly/3zeukPb
[2] www.youtu.be/tBmtIPhh7UI
[3] www.climate-landscapes.org

Posted by Stefan in Allgemein, 0 comments
Podcast: What if water is more important than carbon?

Podcast: What if water is more important than carbon?

Great podcast [1]: “A conversation with Alpha Lo, physicist and writer of the Climate Water Project, about the importance of slowing water down, the connection between drought, fire, and floods, and the massive role water plays in heating and cooling our planet. Trees create rain not the other way around. There is just so much to learn about water in all its forms, what it does when it’s part of a healthy watercycle or what it does when it isn’t (e.g. massive floods around the world). With Alpha Lo we try to start to unpack the massive role water plays in heating and cooling of our planet and argue why we should absolutely pay way more attention to water and the watercycle. Potentially it is more important and relevant in the climate discussion than carbon.

[1] https://investinginregenerativeagriculture.com/2023/07/21/alpha-lo/

Posted by Stefan in Allgemein, 1 comment
Must-see: Regenerating Life

Must-see: Regenerating Life

Regenerating life“: Great documentary by John Feldman on the role of vegetation and healthy soils for climate cooling and the strengthening of the small water cycle. It is a powerful told story, which looks at many aspects of nature’s role producing the right conditions for life. It tells another story of climate change, and the potential we have in changing the path towards the future.

It’s not yet available as such, but you can support the project towards public screening, including sub-titles, and get the access to the film.

My most important take-aways:

Walter Jehne: “Irrespective how many greenhouse gas molecules are in the air, the thing that determines the GHG effect is the amount of reradiation coming from the earth.”

Satish Kumar: “If you want to solve the problems of climate change, you dont’t need any technology, you don’t need anything else, you just take care of the soil.

So how come the earth has a beautiful temperature suited to life?  It’s because life, the vast biodiversity which exists on the planet, cycles shape-shifting energy and energy transporting water through the soils and trees, through the atmosphere, and back again, warming and cooling, creating its own moist temperature control space. Earth wouldn’t have a temperature suited for life if it didn’t have life cycling water.

Posted by Stefan in Allgemein, 0 comments
Is climate change exacerbated by photovoltaic systems?

Is climate change exacerbated by photovoltaic systems?

Somewhat provocative question: however, if the statement is (somewhat) true:

“Regardless of how many greenhouse gas molecules are in the air, what determines the greenhouse gas effect is the amount of reradiation emanating from the earth.”

then we should think about the effect of warming from PV systems. In my talks, people often ask about the effect of PV systems – and they do, in fact, have the same effect as open ground or asphalt. They heat up (summer and winter; see picture above; source [1]) and thus radiate significantly increased long-wave radiation back into the atmosphere. This is the part that increases the greenhouse gas effect. Vegetation would normally convert most of the incident solar energy into latent energy, thus cooling the environment and bringing energy from the layers near the ground into the higher atmosphere, where a part can diffuse into space upon condensation. Completely different conversion of solar energy and corresponding consequences.

[1] https://www.energiedetektiv.com/fileadmin/user_upload/documents/PDF/Klimawandel_durch_Klimaschutz_E.pdf

Posted by Stefan in Allgemein, 0 comments
The corporate agenda behind carbon farming

The corporate agenda behind carbon farming

I am not a big fan of “carbon farming”. So many reasons which speak against it, even though the approach in general is well intended. But have a look at this article, and see what big businesses – like Bayer – make out of it.

Bayer is the big winner here. It gets increasing control over farmers, dictating exactly how they farm and what inputs they use. Getting more farmers to use reduced tillage or no-till is of huge benefit to Bayer.  The kind of reduced tillage or no-till promoted by Bayer requires dousing fields with tonnes of its RoundUp (glyphosate) herbicide and planting seeds of its genetically-engineered Roundup resistant soybeans or hybrid maize.
Bayer also intends to profit from the promotion of cover crops. The very month that it launched ForGround, it took majority ownership of a seed company developing a gene edited cover crop, called CoverCress. Seeds of CoverCress will be sold to farmers who are enrolled in ForGround and the crop will be sold as a biofuel.
Posted by Stefan in Allgemein, 0 comments
The role of barren surface for the greenhouse effect

The role of barren surface for the greenhouse effect

An sentence from Walter Jehne, which I really found stunning:

“Irrespectiable how many greenhouse gas molecules are in the air, the thing that determines the GHG effect is the amount of reradiation coming from the earth. Because we have bared the soil, this soil will heat up much much more so than the soil protected with green vegetation. … We have created 5 billion hectares of man made desert and waste land.”

Think about the effect what the loss of 50% of (natural) forests, the creation of millions and millions of square kilometres of bare soil, of beton and asphalt, and the degenerated land has on the altered ratio of sensible heat to latent energy!

Posted by Stefan in Allgemein, 0 comments
Improving soil could keep world within 1.5C heating target, research suggests

Improving soil could keep world within 1.5C heating target, research suggests

This looks like a steep number for me – 31 Gt CO2 (8.4 GtC). In my UNEP publication “Putting Carbon back where it belongs – the potential of carbon sequestration in the soil” (probably published under the head of the division, Jacqueline McGlade, see below), estimates are more in direction of 7.5-11 Gt CO2.

Using better farming techniques to store 1% more carbon in about half of the world’s agricultural soils would be enough to absorb about 31 gigatonnes of carbon dioxide a year, according to new data. That amount is not far off the 32 gigatonnes gap between current planned emissions reduction globally per year and the amount of carbon that must be cut by 2030 to stay within 1.5C.

The estimates were carried out by Jacqueline McGlade, the former chief scientist at the UN environment programme and former executive director of the European Environment Agency. She found that storing more carbon in the top 30cm of agricultural soils would be feasible in many regions where soils are currently degraded.

McGlade now leads a commercial organisation that sells soil data to farmers. Downforce Technologies uses publicly available global data, satellite images and lidar to assess in detail how much carbon is stored in soils, which can now be done down to the level of individual fields.

Posted by Stefan in Allgemein, 0 comments
The ocean is turning green. Yes, it’s climate change

The ocean is turning green. Yes, it’s climate change

Not good news: More than half of the world’s oceans have changed colors in the past 20 years, becoming more green than blue. The culprit? Climate change. In a study, published Wednesday in Nature, decades worth of research showed 56 percent of the world’s oceans experienced color change between 2002 to 2022.

“The study’s authors say that natural instances, like seasonal or yearly variations to phytoplankton blooms, don’t explain the oceans’ shift in color, and don’t account for the change. Instead, researchers say the greening might better be explained by carbon dioxide absorption by plankton and algae communities and could signal an even more serious problem: Oceans absorb nearly 25 percent* of the world’s carbon emissions and may not be able to absorb more in the future.”

Posted by Stefan in Allgemein, 0 comments
Guidelines and governing principles for creating climate landscapes

Guidelines and governing principles for creating climate landscapes

These are (some) important guidelines and/or governing principles for creating climate landscapes, that a group of people from Ecorestoration Alliance came up with.

A. Evapotranspiration cools earth
B. Small water cycle creates rain
C. Hydraulic lift keeps soil wet
D. Wetlands cleanse water
E. Cities can recycle stormwater
F. Organic soil absorbs more rainwater
G. Slowing water keeps continents hydrated
H. Tile drainage wastes water
I. Wetlands humidify winds lessening wildfires
J. Wetlands replenish groundwater
K. Groundwater is our water bank
L. Groundwater increases the small water cycle
M. Groundwater quenches wildfires
N. Forests attract rain
O. Biodiversity increases small water cycle
P. Absorb rainfall to lessen droughts, floods, fire, and heat
Q. Dams block fish, sediment, wetlands, and groundwater
R. Plants regulate heat via water
S. Animals changes soil which changes water cycle
T. Ecological succession tends to increase small water cycle
U. Health ecosystems creates clouds which can cool earth
V. Increasing small water cycle lessens urban heat domes.

Posted by Stefan in Allgemein, 0 comments
Norway Becomes World’s First Country to Ban Deforestation

Norway Becomes World’s First Country to Ban Deforestation

Good news: Norway has become the first country to ban deforestation. The Norwegian Parliament pledged May 26 that the government’s public procurement policy will be deforestation-free. Any product that contributes to deforestation will not be used in the Scandinavian country. The pledge was recommended by Norwegian Parliament’s Standing Committee on Energy and Environment as part of the Action Plan on Nature Diversity.

Posted by Stefan in Allgemein, 0 comments
Why “sustainable” dampens my mood and “regenerative” builds me up

Why “sustainable” dampens my mood and “regenerative” builds me up

In an interesting article about Patagonia, which just called itself an unsustainable brand, it says in the last paragraph:

Patagonia’s rejection of the label “sustainable” is rooted in a deep understanding of human psychology. The concept of being “done” implies a static state, a finish line that suggests there is nothing more to achieve. Patagonia recognizes that this mindset can lead to complacency and stagnation. By acknowledging that it is not a sustainable brand, it embraces a perpetual sense of growth and improvement. This psychological shift fuels its determination to consistently raise the bar and make a greater impact.

It’s a collective style of growth mindset that rallies people around the idea that humans — and the organizations they build — can always improve.

This is to me that total difference between “sustainable agriculture” and “regenerative agriculture” (although in a german term, I call it “resource building agriculture”; the term doesn’t translate well into english) – the one turns me down, doesn’t really get me going – the other stirs me up and motivates me.

Posted by Stefan in Allgemein, 0 comments
The ocean is hotter than ever

The ocean is hotter than ever

Wow, not so good news… Oceans are heating up, more and more. The ocean absorbs about 90% of the extra heat in the climate system resulting from global warming. But because it takes more energy to heat water than air, the surface water temperature is rising more slowly than the surface air temperature is.

I developed a few years ago some graphics (source 1, source 2) on this, which shows the trend too:

Incredible, if we imagine that heat would have solely gone into the atmosphere – where would we be now?

Posted by Stefan in Allgemein, 0 comments
Distribution of land and water on our planet

Distribution of land and water on our planet

A very nice graphic that once again shows how “blue” our planet actually is, and what role the oceans play on this planet – and surely on our climate. We generally only think in terms of “land” – which is already an incredible amount of space. To deal well with Mother Earth and to promote the living (which should also be our goal in agriculture) is much more than just keeping the ground covered (etc.)….

Posted by Stefan in Allgemein, 0 comments
What is warming the climate – CO2 or forest loss?

What is warming the climate – CO2 or forest loss?

As the only accepted narrative on global warming is the one on CO2 (and other GHG), I wonder since a couple of years what the influence disappearing vegetation, especially deforestation, in conjunction with bare soils, and its disruptions of the small water cycle has on the changing climate. Vegetation means transpiration, which leads to a cooling effect within the ground layer (we need that!), and the transfer of that stored energy in the water vapour into higher parts of the atmosphere (which is beneficial). Here, when released, some of it (some people say up to half) disappears into outer space (which is good for climate cooling). The condensation means clouds are being created, which reflect incoming radiation (another positive effect). Clouds mean it can bring rain (which is more and more missing in its usual regularity around the world). Vegetation actually emit biogenic aerosols, which help to create these clouds at lower atmospheric levels, creating more rapid and more regular rain (another important benefit). And there is more to it (see links below).

Now, a funny (?) thing:

When looking on CO2 concentration and global temperature anomaly, we see a strong correlation:

 

However, the interesting thing is, that we see the same correlation between the loss of primary (and naturally regenerated) forests (which are the most important drivers of the small water cycle) and the temperature anomaly:

This is not to say that the CO2-narrative is wrong. I am convinced that we must urgently stop emissions and try to store emitted CO2 in soils and vegetation. But I wonder what influence the disappearance of natural forests, the increasing amount of bare soil and surfaces (asphalt, beton, buildings), the loss of water retention and storing capacities in the landscape and the according changes in the energy redistribution/balance/transport has on climate change.

More and more research shows that this is not negligible (see articles in my blog), but could even prove to be a major factor.

Interesting additional links:

Posted by Stefan in Allgemein, 0 comments
Conserving old growth forests is key to stabilising the Earth’s climate

Conserving old growth forests is key to stabilising the Earth’s climate

The Club of Rome is disseminating the the latest study on the climatic effects of forests, led by Anastassia Makarieva:

Do forests create rain? It is a question that has been debated for a long time. We know that trees produce huge amounts of water vapor that is pumped from humidity in the ground and condensed into clouds that generate rain, but the mechanisms that govern condensation and vapor water movements are still not completely clear.

Posted by Stefan in Allgemein, 0 comments
Johan Rockström talking about blue and green water and atmospheric rivers

Johan Rockström talking about blue and green water and atmospheric rivers

So important to speak about the small water cycle, the green water next to the blue one, the atmospheric rivers, the role vegetation plays in keeping everything running. Johan Rockström explains different important points on this. Sadly, still nothing about the energy transfer and the role, vegetation plays in cooling the climate.

Posted by Stefan in Allgemein, 0 comments
Rewilding could help limit warming beyond 1.5°C, scientists say

Rewilding could help limit warming beyond 1.5°C, scientists say

Fascinating: “It’s no secret that preserving and restoring wilderness areas is good for ecosystems, but a new study has pinpointed another major benefit to rewilding.

According to the study published in the journal Nature Climate Change, rewilding, or preserving and restoring wildlife and wilderness areas, could improve natural carbon sinks in ecosystems, therefore boosting natural methods of carbon capture and helping the world limit global warming to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels.

Scientists studied nine wildlife species for the study: marine fish, whales, sharks, gray wolves, wildebeest, sea otters, musk oxen, African forest elephants and American bison. In their analysis, the study authors found that protecting or restoring the populations of just these nine species could collectively help ecosystems capture an additional 6.41 billion tons of carbon dioxide per year, or about 95% of carbon emissions needed to be captured in order to meet the Paris agreement’s 1.5°C target.”

Posted by Stefan in Allgemein, 0 comments